MedCalc 3000 Printed Literature References

Adams RD, Foley JM., Neurologic changes in more common forms of severe liver disease, Trans Am Neurol Assoc, 1949; 74:217-219.

Adler M, Van Laethem J, Gilbert A, et. al, Factors influencing survival at one year in patients with nonbiliary hepatic parenchymal cirrhosis, Dig Dis Sci, 35:1-5:1990.

Adler RA, Tran MT, Petkov VI, Performance of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Screening Tool for osteoporosis in American men, Mayo Clin Proc, 2003 Jun;78(6):723-7

Adrogue HJ, Madias NE, Hyponatremia, N Engl J Med, 2000;342(21):1581-89.

American College of Physicians, Clinical guideline, part 1. Screening for thyroid disease, Ann Intern Med, 1998 Jul 15;129(2):141-3

Ammann P, Sticherling C, Kalusche D, et. al., An Electrocardiogram-Based Algorithm To Detect Loss of Left Ventricular Capture during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Ann Intern Med, 2005 Jun 21;142(12_Part_1):968-973

Angulo P, Keach JC, Batts KP, Lindor KD, Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology, 1999; 30: 1356-62.

Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, et. al., The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making, JAMA, 2000 Aug 16;284(7):835-42

Apgar V, Holaday DA, James LS, et. al., Evaluation of the newborn infant, JAMA, 1958, 168: 1985-1988

Apgar V, A proposal of a New Method of Evaluation of the Newborn Infant, Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1953, 32: 261-267

Arozullah AM, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, et. al., Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery, Ann Intern Med, 2001 Nov 20;135(10):847-57

Ashburn MA, Lipman AG, Management of pain in the cancer patient, Anesth Analg, 1993 Feb;76(2):402-16. Review

Assmann G, Cullen P, Schulte H, Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study, Circulation, 2002 Jan 22;105(3):310-5. Erratum in: Circulation 2002 Feb 19;105(7):900

Attia MW, Zaoutis T, Klein JD, Meier FA, Performance of a predictive model for streptococcal pharyngitis in children, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2001; 155: 687-91.

Bach PB, Kattan MW, Thornquist MD, et al, Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers, JNCI, 2003; 95: 470-8.

Baird AE, Dambrosia J, Janket S, et al, A three-item scale for the early prediction of stroke recovery, Lancet, 2001; 357: 2095-9.

Barsoum NR, Levine BS, Current prescriptions for the correction of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: are they too simple?, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2002 Jul;17(7):1176-80

Baser ME, Friedman JM, Wallace AJ, et. al., Evaluation of clinical diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 2, Neurology, 2002 Dec 10;59(11):1759-65

Beighton P, De Paepe A, Steinmann B, Tsipouras P, Wenstrup RJ, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: revised nosology, Villefranche, 1997. Ehlers- Danlos National Foundation (USA) and Ehlers-Danlos Support Group (UK), Am J Med Genet, 77:31-7

Bennett EM, Albert R, Goldstein AC, Communications through limited response questioning, Public Opinion Q, 1954; 18:303-308

Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS, Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin, Am J Med, 1998 Aug;105(2):91-99

Black DM, Steinbuch M, Palermo L, et. al., An assessment tool for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal women, Osteoporos Int, 2001;12(7):519-28

Bleich HL, Computer Evaluation of Acid-Base Disorders, J Clin Invest, 1969; 48:1689-1696.

Bohner H, Yang Q, Franke C, Verreet PR, et. al., Simple data from history and physical examination help to exclude bowel obstruction and to avoid radiographic studies in patients with acute abdominal pain, Eur J Surg, 1998 Oct;164(10):777-84

Bohner H, Yang Q, Franke C, Verreet PR, et. al., Simple data from history and physical examination\ help to exclude bowel obstruction and to avoid

Bonis PA, Tong MJ, Blatt LM, et al, A predictive model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, or liver transplantation for patients presenting to clinic with chronic hepatitis C, Am J Gastroenterol, 1999; 94: 1605-12.

Bonis PA, Tong MJ, Blatt LM, et al, A predictive model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure,\

Braden BJ, Bergstrom N, Risk assessment and risk-based programs of prevention in various settings, Ostomy/Wound Management, 1996 Vol. 42 No. 10A:6S-12S

Brass LM, Lichtman JH, Wang Y, et al, Intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction, Stroke, 2000; 31: 1802-11.

Breyer JA, Acid base course material, 6th National Critical Care Medicine Review Course

Brudno DS et at., Compliance, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, and oxygenation index changes in patients managed with extracorporeal membrance oxygenation, Ped. Pulmonology, 9(1):19-23,1990.

Buckley RG, King KJ, Disney JD, et al, History and physical examination to estimate the risk of ectopic pregnancy: validation of a clinical prediction model, Ann Emerg Med, 1999; 34: 589-94.

Bulger EM, Smith DG, Maier RV, Jurkovich GJ, Fat embolism syndrome.A 10-year review, Arch Surg, 1997, 132: 435-439

Byrt T, Bishop J, Carlin JB, Bias, prevalence and kappa, J Clin Epidem, 1993; v46 #5, 423-429

Cadarette SM, Jaglal SB, Kreiger N, et. al., Development and validation of the Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument to facilitate selection of women for bone densitometry, CMAJ, 2000 May 2;162(9):1289-94

Cannon CP, Thompson B, McCabe CH, et. al., Predictors of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in patients with acute ischemic syndromes: an analysis from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) III trials, Am J Cardiology, 1995;75:977-981

Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, et. al., The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med, 2004 Mar 4;350(10):1005-12

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Human Rabies Prevention, U.S., MMWR, 1999; 48 (No.RR-1)

Child CG, Turcotte JG, The Liver and Portal Hypertension, Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 1964.

Childs JD, Fritz JM, Flynn TW, et. al., A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study, Ann Intern Med, 2004 Dec 21;141(12):920-8

Cicchetti DV, Feinstein AR, High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes, J Clin Epidemiol, 1990;43(6):551-558

Cohen JA, A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales, Educ Psych Meas, 1960; 20:37-46

Constans J, Boutinet C, Salmi R, et. al., Comparison of four clinical prediction scores for the diagnosis of lower limb deep venous thrombosis in outpatients, Amer J Med, 2003:Vol 115, 436-440

Constans J, Nelzy ML, Salmi LR, et. al., Clinical prediction of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in symptomatic hospitalized patients., Thromb Haemost, 2001 Oct;86(4):985-90

Copeland GP, Jones D, Walters M, POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit, Br J Surg, 1991 Mar;78(3):355-60

Crowther MA, Ginsberg JB, Kearon C, et. al., A randomized trial comparing 5-mg and 10-mg warfarin loading doses, Arch Intern Med, 1999 Jan 11;159(1):46-8

Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Gerber MA, Shulman ST, Ferrieri P, Freed M, et al., Diagnosis and therapy of Kawasaki disease in children, Circulation, 1993;87:1776-80.

Dasgupta A, Dennen DA, Dean R, McLawhon RW, Prediction of free phenytoin levels based on [total phenytoin]/[albumin] ratios. Potential errors with hypoalbuminemia, Am J Clin Pathol, 1991 Feb;95(2):253-6

Dellit TH, Armas-Loughran B, Bosl GJ, et. al., A method for assessing house staff workload as a function of length of stay, JAMA, 2001 Sep 5;286(9):1023-4

Detsky AS, Abrams HB, Forbath N, et. al., Cardiac assessment for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, Arch Intern Med, 146:2131, 1986.

Detsky AS, Abrams HB, McLaughlin JR, et. al., Predicting cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, J Gen Int Med, 1:211, 1986.

Dodick DW, Diagnosing headache: clinical clues and clinical rules, Adv Stud Med, 2003; 3(2): 87-92

Drossman DA, Funch-Jensen P, Janssens J, et al, Identification of subgroups of functional bowel disorders, Gastroenterol International, 1990;3:15

Dubois D, Dubois EF, A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known, Arch Intern Med, 1916; 17:863-871.

Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK, New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service, American Journal of Medicine, 96(3):200-9, 1994

Durand M et al., Oxygenation index in patients with meconium aspiration: conventional and extracorporeal membrane oxygention therapy., Critical Care Med, 18(4):373-7, 1990.

Durie BG, Salmon SE, A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma, Cancer, 1975; 36:842-854

Eagle KA, Gibbons RJ, Antman EM, et. al., ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery--executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery), J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002 Feb 6;39(3):542-53

Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, et. al., A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry, JAMA, 2004 Jun 9;291(22):2727-33

Ethier JH, Kamel KS, Magner PO, et. al., The transtubular potassium concentration in patients with hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, Am J Kidney Dis, 15:309,1990.

Ewig S, Kleinfeld, Bauer T, et al, Comparative validation of prognostic rules for community-acquired pneumonia in an elderly population, Eur Respir J, 1998; 14: 370-5.

Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, The Oswestry Disability Index., Spine, 2000 Nov 15;25(22):2940-52; discussion 2952

Falaschetti E, Laiho J, Primatesta P, Purdon S, Prediction equations for normal and low lung function from the Health Survey for England, Eur Respir J., 2004 Mar;23(3):456-63

Figge J, Jabor A, Kazda A, Fencl V, Anion gap and hypoalbuminemia, Crit Care Med, 1998 Nov;26(11):1807-10

Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et. al., A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia, NEJM, 1997; 336:243-250

Fink JC, Schmid CH, Selker HP, A decision aid for referring patients with systolic murmurs for echocardiography, J Gen Med, 1994;9: 479-484

Fischer JE, Steiner F, Zucol F, et al, Use of simple heuristics to target macrolide prescription in children with community-acquired pneumonia, Arch Pediatr Med, 2002; 156: 1005-8.

Flynn T, Fritz J, Whitman J, Wainner R, et. al., A clinical prediction rule for classifying patients with low back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation, Spine, 2002 Dec 15;27(24):2835-43

Foley KM, The treatment of cancer pain, N Engl J Med, 1985 Jul 11;313(2):84-95. Review

Forns X, Ampurdanes S, Llovet JM, et al, Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model, Hepatology, 2002; 36: 986-992.

Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS, Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge, Clin Chem, 1972, 18;499-502

Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, et. al., Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation, JAMA, 2001 Jun 13;285(22):2864-70

Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP, et. al., Projecting individulized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually, J. NCI, 81:1989, 1879-1886.

Gail MH, Constantino JP, Bryant J, et. al., Weighing the Risks and Benefits of Tamoxifen Treatment for Preventing Breast Cancer, J. National Cancer Institute, V91, #21, pages 1829-1846.

Geusens P, Hochberg MC, van der Voort DJ, et. al., Performance of risk indices for identifying low bone density in postmenopausal women, Mayo Clin Proc, 2002 Jul;77(7):629-37

Giannini E, Botta F, Borro P, et. al., Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio: proposal and validation of a non-invasive parameter to predict the presence of oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis, Gut, 2003 Aug;52(8):1200-5

Go AS, Hylek EM, Chang Y, et. al., Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?, JAMA, 2003 Nov 26;290(20):2685-92

Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, et. al., Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures, N. Engl J Med, 297:845, 1977.

Goldman L, Cook EF, Brand DA, et. al., A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency room patients with chest pain, N Engl J Med, 1988; 318(13): 797-803.

Greenberg P, Cox C, LeBeau MM et. al., International Scoring System for Evaluating Prognosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Blood, 89;6: 2079 - 2088.

Griffin SJ, Little PS, Hales CN, et al, Diabetes risk score: towards earlier detection of Type 2 diabetes in general practice, Diabet Metab Res Rev, 2000; 16: 164-71

Hakim RM, Depner TA, Parker TF 3rd, Adequacy of hemodialysis, Am J Kidney Dis, 1992 Aug;20(2):107-23. Review

Hakim RM, Assessing the adequacy of dialysis, Kidney Int, 1990 Feb;37(2):822-32

Haydel MJ, Preston CA, Mills TJ, et. al., Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor

Haydel MJ, Preston CA, Mills TJ, et. al., Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor head injury, N Engl J Med, 2000 Jul 13;343(2):100-5

Heaney ML, Golde, DW, Medical Progress: Myelodysplasia, NEJM, 340;21: 1649-1660.

Helfand M, Redfern CC, Clinical guideline, part 2. Screening for thyroid disease: an update. American College of Physicians, Ann Intern Med, 1998 Jul 15;129(2):144-58

Herman WH, Smith PJ, Thompson TJ, et. al., A new and simple questionnaire to identify people at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes, Diabetes Care, 1995 Mar;18(3):382-387

Hupert N, Bearman GML, Mushlin AI, et. al., Accuracy of screening for inhalational Anthrax after a bioterrorist attack, Ann Int Med, 2003; 139:337-345

Hutchinson RE, Davey FR, Hematopoiesis, Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, Henry JB (editor-in-chief), 19th edition. WB Saunders.1996.

Jarvik JG, Deyo RA, Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain with emphasis on imaging, Ann Intern Med, 2002; 137: 586-97.

Johns MW, A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale, Sleep, 1991;14:540-5.

Johnson PJ, MacFarland IG, Meeting report: International autoimmune hepatitis group, Hepatology, 1993;18:998-1005

Johnston SC, Gress DR, Browner WS, Sidney S, Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA, JAMA, 2000; 284: 2901-6.

Kahn SR, Joseph L, Abenhaim L, Leclerc JR, Clinical prediction of deep vein thrombosis in patients with leg symptoms., Thromb Haemost, 1999 Mar;81(3):353-7

Katz MH, Multivariable analysis: a primer for readers of medical research, Ann Intern Med, 2003 Apr 15;138(8):644-50

Kaul V, Friedenberg FK, Braitman LE, et al, Development and validation of a model to diagnose cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C, Am J Gastroenterol, 2002; 97: 2623-8.

Khosla T, Lowe CR, Indices of obesity derived from body weight and height, Br J Prev Soc Med, 1967; 21: 122-128.

King TE, Tooze JA, Schwarz M, et al, Predicting survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Am J Resp Crit Care Med, 2001; 164: 1171-81.

Knaus WA, et al., APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system, Crit Care Med, 1985 Oct;13(10):818-29.

Kocher MS, Mandiga R, Zurakowski D, et. al., Validation of a clinical prediction rule for the differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2004 Aug;86-A(8):1629-35

Koplan BA, Stevenson WG, Epstein LM, et al, Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery, J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003; 41: 795-801

Kothari V, Stevens RJ, Adler AI, et al, Risk of stroke in Type 2 diabetes estimated by the UK prospective diabetes study risk engine, Stroke, 2002; 33: 1776-81.

Kovacic V, Roguljic L, Jukic I, Kovacic V, Comparison of Methods for Hemodialysis Dose Calculation, Dialysis & Transplantation, Vol 32:4 April 2003, p.170-175

Kovacs MJ, Rodger M, Anderson DR, et al, Comparison of 10 mg and 5 mg warfarin initiation nomograms together with low-molecular weight heparin for outpatient treatment of acute venous thromboembolism, Ann Intern Med, 2003; 138: 714-9.

Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Steyerberg EW, A Clinical Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis, Ann Int Med, 129:705-711, 1998

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, The patient health questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener, Med Care, 2003; 41: 1284-92.

Kuijer PM, Hutten BA, Prins MH, Buller HR, Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism, Arch Intern Med, 1999; 159: 457-60.

Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al, Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery, Circulation, 1999; 100: 1043-9

Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et. al., A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group, Ann Int Med, 1999 Mar 16;130(6):461-70

Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et. al., A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation, Ann Int Med, 1999;130:461-470

Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, et. al., A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, J Am Soc Nephrol, 11:A0828, 2000 (abstr)

Li D, German D, Lulla S, Thomas RG, Wilson SR, Prospective study of hospitalization for asthma. A preliminary risk factor model, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):647-55

Lim WS, Macfarlane JT, Boswell TC, et. al., Study of community acquired pneumonia aetiology (SCAPA) in adults admitted to hospital: implications for management guidelines, Thorax, 2001 Apr;56(4):296-301

Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et. al., Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study, Thorax, 2003 May;58(5):377-82

Lipton RB, Dodick D, Sadovsky R, Kolodner K, et al, A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care: The ID Migraine validation study, Neurology, 2003; 61: 375-82.

Lukes AS, Bright DK, Durack DT, Diagnosis of infective endocarditis, Infect Dis Clin North Am, 1993 Mar;7(1):1-8. Review

Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Gatell JM, et al, A clinically prognostic scoring system for patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the EuroSIDA study, J Infect Dis, 2002; 185: 178-87

Lydick E, Cook K, Turpin J, et. al., Development and validation of a simple questionnaire to facilitate identification of women likely to have low bone density, Am J Manag Care, 1998 Jan;4(1):37-48

M Perlman (ed)., Resident's Handbook of Neonatology, 2nd ed., (Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker, 1999) p. 121.

Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, et. al., A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, Hepatology, 2000;31:864-871

Maltoni M, Nanni O, Pirovano M, et al, Successful validation of the palliative prognostic score in terminally ill cancer patients, J Pain Sympt Manage, 1999; 17: 240-7.

Margolis DJ, Berlin JA, Strom BL, Which leg ulcers will heal with limb compression bandages?, Am J Med, 2000; 109: 15-19.

Marie TF, Mortality data source, Internal Medicine News, June 1, 1999

Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, et. al., Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome, Crit Care Med, 1995 Oct;23(10):1638-52. Review

Martin E, Tozer TN, Sheiner LB, Riegelman S, The clinical pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, J Pharmacokinet Biopharm, 1977 Dec;5(6):579-96

Martin TP, Hanusa BH, Kapoor WN, Abstract Risk stratification of patients with syncope, Ann Emerg Med1997 Apr;29(4):459-66, 9095005

McEvoy GK, ed., American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health System Pharmacists Inc, 1995:1237-42.

McIsaac WJ, Goel V, To T, Low DE, The validity of a sore throat score in family practice, CMAJ, 2000; 163: 811-5.

McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, Low D, A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat, Can Med Assoc J, 158(1), 75-83, 1998.

McKenna WJ, Thiene G, Nava A, et. al., Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/cardiomyopathy, Br Heart J, 1994;71:215-218.

Mehr D, Binder EF, Zweig SC, Madsen RW, D'Agostino RB, Clinical findings associated with radiographic pneumonia in nursing home residents, J Fam Pract, 2001; in press

Mehr DR, Binder EF, Kruse RL, et al, Predicting mortality in nursing home residents with lower respiratory tract infection: The Missouri LRI Study, JAMA, 2001; 286: 2427-36.

Meineche-Schmidt V, Christensen E, Which dyspepsia patients will benefit from omeprazole treatment?, Am J Gastro, 2001; 95: 2777-83.

Miller TD, Roger VL, Hodge DO, et. al., A simple clinical score accurately predicts outcome in a community-based population undergoing stress testing, Am J. Med, 2005: 118, 866-872

Mohamed K, Copeland GP, Boot DA, et al, An assessment of the POSSUM system in orthopedic surgery, J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2002; 84-B:735-9.

Morley JE, Charlton E, Patrick P, et. al., Validation of a screening questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males, Metabolism, 2000 Sep;49(9):1239-42

Morley JE, Perry HM 3rd., Androgen deficiency in aging men, Med Clin North Am, 1999 Sep;83(5):1279-89, vii. Review

Morrow DA, Antman EM, Charlesworth A, et. al., TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy, Circulation, 2000 Oct 24;102(17):2031-7

Mosteller RD, Simplified calculation of body surface area, NEJM, 1987; 317:1098

Murray JF, Nadel JA, Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, May 2000, page 2046.

Murrell GAC, Walton JR, Diagnosis of rotator cuff tears, Lancet, 2001; 357: 769-70.

National Cholesterol Education Program, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) May 2001, NIH Publication, No. 01-3670 May 2001

Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Malley R, Development and validation of a multivariate predictive model to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis in children in the post-haemophilus influenza era, Pediatrics, 2002; 110: 712-9.

Nolan KA, Mohs RC, Screening for dementia in family practice, Alzheimer's Disease: A guide to practical management, Part II Richter RW, Blass JP eds., St. Louis, Mo. Mosby Year Book, Inc., 1994:81-95

Norton D, Calculating the risk: reflections on the Norton Scale. 1989, Adv Wound Care, 1996 Nov-Dec;9(6):38-43

Norton D, Calculating the risk: reflections on the Norton Scale, Decubitus, 1989 Aug;2(3):24-31

O'Brien A, Short B (ed.), Children's National Medical Center ECMO Training Manual, 8th ed (May, 1994) p. 19.

O'Rourke S, Galea MH, Morgan D, et. al., Local recurrence after simple mastectomy, Br J Surg, 1994 Mar;81(3):386-389

Oliver D, Britton M, Seed P, et. al., Development and evaluation of evidence based risk assessment tool (STRATIFY) to predict which elderly inpatients will fall: case-control and cohort studies, BMJ, 1997 Oct 25;315(7115):1049-1053

Orrego H, Israel Y, Blake JE, Medline A, Assessment of prognostic factors in alcoholic liver disease: Toward a global quantitative expression of severity, Hepatology, Vol 3, no. 6, 896-905, 1983.

Orrego H, Israel Y, Blake JE, Medline A, Assessment of prognostic factors in alcoholic liver disease: Toward a global quantitative expression of severity, Hepatology, vol 3, no. 6, 896-905, 1983.

Otto CM, Pearlman AS, Doppler echocardiography in adults with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Diagnostic utility and cost-effectiveness, Arch Intern Med, 1988 Dec;148(12):2553-60

Pahlm O, Case D, Howard G, et. al., Decision rules for ECG diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction, Comp Biomed Res, 1990; 23:332-345

Pengo V, Biasiolo A, Pegoraro C, A simple scheme to initiate oral anticoagulant treatment in outpatients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 2001; 88: 1214-6.

Perlman M (ed)., Resident's Handbook of Neonatology, 2nd ed., (Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker, 1999) p. 121.

Pi-Sunyer FX, Aronne LJ, et. al., The Practical guide:Identification, Evaluation and treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults., National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute, North American Association For The Study Of Obesity, 2002

Piombo AC, Gagliardi JA, Guetta J, et al, A new scoring system to stratify risk in unstable angina, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2003; 3: 8

Pomeroy IM, Clark CR, Philp I, The effectiveness of very short scales for depression screening in elderly medical patients, Int J Ger Psychiatry, 2001; 16: 321-6.

Prevoo ML, van 't Hof MA, Kuper HH, et. al., Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 1995 Jan;38(1):44-8

Pugh et. al., Br J Surg, 1973; 60:646

Quanjer PhH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, et. al., Lung volume and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of lung function tests. Official Statement European Respiratory Society, Eur Respir J, 1993; 6 Suppl 16: 5-40

Ramond MJ, Poynard T, Rueff B, Mathurin P, Theodore C, Chaput JC, Benhamou JP, A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, N Engl J Med, 1992 Feb 20;326(8):507-512

Ranson JH, Rifkind KM, Turner JW, Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis, Surg Gyne Ob, 143:209, 1976.

Ranson JH, Etiological and prognostic factors in human acute pancreatitis: a review, Am J Gastroenterol, 1982 Sep;77(9):633-8

Resnic RS, Ohno-Machado L, Selwyn A, et al, Simplified risk score models accurately predict the risk of major in-hospital complications following percutaneous coronary interventions, Am J Cardiol, 2001; 88: 5-9.

Richy F, Deceulaer F, Ethen O, et. al., Development and validation of the ORACLE score to predict risk of osteoporosis, Mayo Clin Proc, 2004:79(11) 1402-1408

Richy F, Deceulaer F, Ethgen O, et. al., Development and validation of the ORACLE score to predict risk of osteoporosis, Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Nov;79(11):1402-8, 15544019

Richy F, Deceulaer F, Ethgen O, et. al., Development and validation of the ORACLE score to predict risk of osteoporosis, Mayo Clin Proc, 2004 Nov;79(11):1402-8

Rietveld RP, ter Riet G, Bindels PJ, et. al., Predicting bacterial cause in infectious conjunctivitis: cohort study on informativeness of combinations of signs and symptoms, BMJ, 2004 Jul 24;329(7459):206-10. Epub 2004 Jun 16

Rietveld RP, van Weert HC, ter Riet G, et. al., Diagnostic impact of signs and symptoms in acute infectious conjunctivitis: systematic literature search, BMJ, 2003 Oct 4;327(7418):789

Rohlfing CL, Wiedmeyer HM, Little RR, et. al., Defining the relationship between plasma glucose and HbA(1c): analysis of glucose profiles and HbA(1c) in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, Diabetes Care, 2002 Feb;25(2):275-8

Roland M, Fairbank J, The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Spine, 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3115-24. Review. Erratum in: Spine 2001 Apr 1;26(7):847

Romhilt, DW, Bove KE, et. al., A critical appraisal of the electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy, Circulation, 40:185, 1969.

Rothberg MB, He S, Rose DN, Management of influenza symptoms in healthy adults, J Gen Intern Med, 2003 Oct;18(10):808-15

Rudolfer SM, Paliouras G, Peers IS, A comparison of logistic regression to decision tree induction in the diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Comp Biomed Res, 1999:32, p391-414

Rule AD, Larson TS, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, et. al., Using serum creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate: accuracy in good health and in chronic kidney disease, Ann Intern Med, 2004 Dec 21;141(12):929-37

Sabatine MS, Januzzi JL, Snapinn S, et al, A risk score system for predicting adverse outcomes and magnitude of benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris, Am J Cardiol, 2001; 88: 488-92.

Schmidt B, Asztalos EV, Roberts RS, et al, Impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, brain injury, and severe retinopathy on the outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months, JAMA, 2003; 289: 1124-9.

Scott WA, Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding, Public Opinion Q, 1955; 19:321-325

Seaberg DC, Yealy DM, Lukens T, et. al., Multicenter comparison of two clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute, high-risk knee injuries, Ann Emerg Med, 1998 Jul;32(1):8-13

Second Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, 1993

Senior Care Institute, Anticoagulation Management Protocol

Service FJ, Rizza RA, Zimmerman BR, et. al., The classification of diabetes by clinical and C-peptide criteria. A prospective population-based study, Diabetes Care, 1997 Feb;20(2):198-201

Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Barbagelata A, et. al., Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. GUSTO-1 (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Investigators, N Engl J Med, 1996 Feb 22;334(8):481-7

Shapiro NI, Wolfe RE, Moore RB, et al, Mortality in emergency department sepsis (MEDS) score: a prospectively derived and validated clinical prediction rule, Crit Care Med, 2003; 31: 670-5

Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA, Brooks JO 3rd, et. al., Proposed factor structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale, Int Psychogeriatr, 1991 Spring;3(1):23-8

Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA, Geriatric Depression Scale; recent evidence and development of a shorter version, Clin. Gerontol., 1986:5:165-172

Silaruks S, Thinkhamrop B, Tantikosum W, et al, A prognostic model for predicting the disappearance of left atrial thrombi among candidates for percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy, J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 39: 886-91.

Sims CJ, Meyn L, Caruana R, et. al., Predicting cesarean delivery with decision tree models, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2000:vol 183(5), p.1198-1206

Slater H, Goldfarb IW, The management of burn trauma: a house staff handbook, Western Pennsylvania Hospital, 2003: p 9-12

Solomon DH, Stone PH, Glynn RJ, et al, Use of risk stratification to identify patients with unstable angina likeliest to benefit from an invasive versus conservative management strategy, J Am Coll Cardiol, 2001; 38: 969-76.

Stein MB, Roy-Byrne PP, McQuaid JR, et al, Development of a brief diagnostic screen for panic disorder in primary care, Psychosom Med, 1999; 61: 359-64

Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et. al., A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries, Ann Emerg Med, 1992 Apr;21(4):384-90

Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et.al., Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Refinement and prospective validation. , JAMA, 1993 Mar 3;269(9):1127-32

Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, et. al., Prospective validation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries, JAMA, 1996 Feb 28;275(8):611-615

Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et. al., Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules, JAMA, 1994 Mar 16;271(11):827-832

Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et. al., Interobserver agreement in the examination of acute ankle injury patients, Am J Emerg Med, 1992 Jan;10(1):14-17

Stiell IG, Wells GA, McDowell I, et. al., Use of radiography in acute knee injuries: need for clinical decision rules, Acad Emerg Med, 1995 Nov;2(11):966-73

Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandenheen K, et al, The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury, Lancet, 2001; 357: 1391-6.

Strate LL, Orav EJ, Syngal S, Early predictors of severity in acute lower intestinal tract bleeding, Arch Intern Med, 2003; 163: 838-43.

Stuppaeck CH, Barnas C et al., Assessment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome - validity and reliability of the translated and modified Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale )CIWA-A)., Addiction, 1994; 89: 1287-1292

Sullivan JT, Sykora K et al., Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar), Br J Addiction, 1989; 89: 1353-1357

Swensen SJ, Silverstein MD, Ilstrup DM, et. al., The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules, Arch Intern Med, 1997 Apr 28;157(8):849-55

Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Melton LJ, et al, Diagnostic value of the Manning criteria in irritable bowel syndrome, Gut, 1990;31:77-81. BMJ Publishing Group, London, England

Tan EM, et. al., The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosis, Arthritis Rheum, 25:1271, 1982.

Teasdale G, Jennett B, Assessment of coma and impaired conciousness: a practical scale., Lancet, 1974; 2:81-4.

Teasdale G, Jennett B, Assessment of coma and impaired conciousness: a practical scale., Lancet, 1974; 2:81-84

The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I. Clinical features of patients at risk, Ann Intern Med, 1992 Jan 1;116(1)

Trey et.al., Re: encephalopathy grading, NEJM, 1966; 274:473.

U.S. Public Health Service, A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence, JAMA, 2000, 283:3244-54.

Van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof M, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB, Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists, J Rheumatol, 1993 Mar;20(3):579-81

van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof M, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB, Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists, J Rheumatol, 1993 Mar;20(3):579-81

Vaziri S, Bikkina M, Levy D, Comment on article above, Ann Intern Med, 1992 Jul 1;117(1):89-90

Viikki K, Kentala E, Juhola M, Pyykko I, Decision tree induction in the diagnosis of otoneurological diseases, Med Inform Internet Med, 1999 Oct-Dec;24(4):277-89

Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, et. al., A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability, Pain, 1993 Feb;52(2):157-68

Walter LC, Brand RJ, Counsell SR, et al, Development and validation of a prognostic index for 1 year mortality in older adults after hospitalization, JAMA, 2001; 285: 2987-94.

Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, et. al., A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study, JAMA, 2003 Aug 27;290(8):1049-56

Warshaw AL, Fuller AF Jr., Specificity of increased renal clearance of amylase in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, N Engl J Med, 1975 Feb 13;292(7):325-8

Waterlow J, The history and use of the Waterlow card, Nurs Times, 1998 Feb 18-24;94(7):63-7

Wellard S, Lo K, Comparing Norton, Braden and Waterlow risk assessment scales for pressure ulcers in spinal cord injuries, Contemp Nurse, 2000 Jun;9(2):155-60

Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et. al., Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer, Thromb Haemost, 2000 Mar;83(3):416-20

Wells PS, Forgie MA, Simms M, et al, The outpatient bleeding risk index: validation of a tool for predicting bleeding rates in patients treated for DVT and PE, Arch Intern Med, 2003; 163: 917-20.

Wells PS, Hirsh J, Anderson DR, et. al., A simple clinical model for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis combined with impedance plethysmography: potential for an improvement in the diagnostic process, J Int Med, 1998 Jan; 243(1): 15-23.

West ML, Marsden PA, Richardson RM, et. al., New clinical approach to evaluate disorders of potassium excretion, Mineral Electrolyt Metab, 12:234,1986.

Weston AP, Sharma P, Mathur S, et. al., Risk stratification of Barrett's esophagus: updated prospective multivariate analysis, Am J Gastroenterol, 2004 Sep;99(9):1657-66

Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories, Circulation, 1998;97:1837-1847.

Wisnivesky JP, Henschke C, Balentine J, et. al., Prospective validation of a prediction model for isolating inpatients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, Arch Int Med, 165: Feb 2005,453-457

Wrenn K, The delta (delta) gap: an approach to mixed acid-base disorders, Ann Emerg Med, 1990 Nov;19(11):1310-3